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Perceptual learning and Ideal Bayesian obsever in visual search task
Němeček, Viktor ; Děchtěrenko, Filip (advisor) ; Pilát, Martin (referee)
Searching for objects in a complex environment is an activity we do many times each day. Najemnik and Geisler (2005; 2008; 2009) showed in their work that people do not perform optimally, and devised multiple ideal observer models for one particular visual search task. In this thesis we tried to show that if people get feedback from one of the ideal observer models, they learn to solve the task better during a given amount of trials than they would without the feedback. We were unable to prove any nontrivial result with statistical significance due to a small sample size, but the data suggests that the feedback indeed has a positive effect on the learning, and that the continuation of the research is justified. An iOS application necessary for the experiment was created as a part of the thesis. Aside from the experiment itself, one can also use it to play a visual search testing game. 1
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The relation of odor exposure, olfactory abilities, and odour awareness for six year olds children.
Vojtušová Mrzílková, Radka ; Martinec Nováková, Lenka (advisor) ; Třebická Fialová, Jitka (referee)
A great degree of interindividual variability has been established in measures of psychophysical olfactory performance and odor awareness in both children and adults. Previous studies have suggested the possibility that one of the factors that might contribute to this variability might be the degree of odor exposure in everyday contexts. In the present study, we hypothesized that children exposed to a greater variety of odors on a more frequent basis would exhibit higher odor identification and odor awareness scores. We have found an effect of odor exposure on the children's olfactory knowledge as reflected in their reports of olfactory behavior, but not olfactory abilities. In so doing, we replicated some of the previous findings in the literature of female over male advantage in the olfactory domain. Namely, we report that girls showed a more profound understanding of their olfactory environment and a greater degree of olfaction-oriented behavior, which was not accounted for by a gender difference in verbal fluency. Nevertheless, girls did not outperform boys on either of the measures of olfactory performance. Semi-longitudinal and longitudinal studies in verbally proficient children, employing both self- and parental reports of children's odor exposure and repeated olfactory testing, might...
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